FM / profiles

/var/lib/snapd/apparmor/profiles

Name	Size	Mode	Actions
snap-confine.snapd.27710	31875	0644	edit dl rm
snap-confine.snapd.27738	31875	0644	edit dl rm
snap-update-ns.lxd	6426	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.activate	30478	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.benchmark	30481	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.buginfo	30475	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.check-kernel	30492	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.daemon	32336	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.hook.configure	32020	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.hook.install	24724	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.hook.remove	30489	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.lxc	30463	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.lxc-to-lxd	30488	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.lxd	30463	0644	edit dl rm
snap.lxd.migrate	30475	0644	edit dl rm

Edit: /var/lib/snapd/apparmor/profiles/snap.lxd.hook.configure (32020B)

# vim:syntax=apparmor

#include <tunables/global>

#include if exists "/etc/apparmor.d/tunables/home.d"
#include if exists "/var/lib/snapd/apparmor/snap-tuning"

# snapd supports the concept of 'parallel installs' where snaps with the same
# name are differentiated by '_<instance>' such that foo, foo_bar and foo_baz
# may all be installed on the system. To support this, SNAP_NAME is set to the
# name (eg, 'foo') while SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME is set to the instance name (eg
# 'foo_bar'). The profile name and most rules therefore reference
# SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME. In some cases, snapd will adjust the snap's runtime
# environment so the snap doesn't have to be aware of the distinction (eg,
# SNAP, SNAP_DATA and SNAP_COMMON are all bind mounted onto a directory with
# SNAP_NAME so the security policy will allow writing to both locations (since
# they are equivalent).

# The template is applied to all the snaps regardless of their base snaps. Some base
# snaps, notably core26, chose to ship uutils-coreutils as their native installation
# location used by cargo.
# The usr/bin/gnu rule deliberately doesn't have a trailing slash
# This is to support paths like /usr/bin/ls -> /usr/bin/gnuls
@{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}="/{bin/,usr/bin/,usr/bin/gnu,usr/lib/cargo/bin/coreutils/}"
# This is a snap name without the instance key
@{SNAP_NAME}="lxd"
# This is a snap name with instance key
@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}="lxd"
@{SNAP_INSTANCE_DESKTOP}="lxd"
@{SNAP_COMMAND_NAME}="hook.configure"
@{SNAP_REVISION}="40526"
@{PROFILE_DBUS}="snap_2elxd_2ehook_2econfigure"
@{INSTALL_DIR}="/{,var/lib/snapd/}snap"

profile "snap.lxd.hook.configure" flags=(attach_disconnected,mediate_deleted) {
  #include <abstractions/base>
  #include <abstractions/consoles>
  #include <abstractions/openssl>

# While in later versions of the base abstraction, include this explicitly
  # for series 16 and cross-distro
  /etc/ld.so.preload r,

# The base abstraction doesn't yet have this
  /etc/sysconfig/clock r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/maps k,

# /proc/XXXX/map_files contains the same info than /proc/XXXX/maps, but
  # in a format that is simpler to manage, because it doesn't require to
  # parse the text data inside a file, but just reading the contents of
  # a directory.
  # Reading /proc/XXXX/maps is already allowed in the base template
  # via <abstractions/base>. Also, only the owner can read it, and the
  # kernel limits access to it by requiring 'ptrace' enabled, so allowing
  # to access /proc/XXXX/map_files can be considered secure too.
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/map_files/ r,

# While the base abstraction has rules for encryptfs encrypted home and
  # private directories, it is missing rules for directory read on the toplevel
  # directory of the mount (LP: #1848919)
  owner @{HOME}/.Private/ r,
  owner @{HOMEDIRS}/.ecryptfs/*/.Private/ r,

# for python apps/services
  #include <abstractions/python>
  /etc/python3.[0-9]*/**                                r,

# explicitly deny noisy denials to read-only filesystems (see LP: #1496895
# for details)
deny /usr/lib/python3*/{,**/}__pycache__/ w,
deny /usr/lib/python3*/{,**/}__pycache__/**.pyc.[0-9]* w,
# bind mount used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
deny @{INSTALL_DIR}/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/**/__pycache__/             w,
deny @{INSTALL_DIR}/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/**/__pycache__/*.pyc.[0-9]* w,

# for perl apps/services
  #include <abstractions/perl>
  # Missing from perl abstraction
  /usr/lib/@{multiarch}/perl{,5,-base}/auto/**.so* mr,

# Note: the following dangerous accesses should not be allowed in most
  # policy, but we cannot explicitly deny since other trusted interfaces might
  # add them.
  # Explicitly deny ptrace for now since it can be abused to break out of the
  # seccomp sandbox. https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/3/18/823
  #audit deny ptrace (trace),

# Explicitly deny capability mknod so apps can't create devices
  #audit deny capability mknod,

# Explicitly deny mount, remount and umount so apps can't modify things in
  # their namespace
  #audit deny mount,
  #audit deny remount,
  #audit deny umount,

# End dangerous accesses

# Note: this potentially allows snaps to DoS other snaps via resource
  # exhaustion but we can't sensibly mediate this today. In the future we may
  # employ cgroup limits, AppArmor rlimit mlock rules or something else.
  capability ipc_lock,

# for bash 'binaries' (do *not* use abstractions/bash)
  # user-specific bash files
  /etc/bash.bashrc r,
  /etc/inputrc r,
  /etc/environment r,
  /etc/profile r,

# user/group/seat lookups
  /etc/{passwd,group,nsswitch.conf} r,  # very common
  /var/lib/extrausers/{passwd,group} r,
  /run/systemd/users/[0-9]* r,
  /etc/default/nss r,

/etc/libnl-3/{classid,pktloc} r,      # apps that use libnl

# For snappy reexec on 4.8+ kernels
  /usr/lib/snapd/snap-exec m,

# For gdb support
  /usr/lib/snapd/snap-gdbserver-shim ixr,

# For in-snap tab completion
  /etc/bash_completion.d/{,*} r,
  /usr/lib/snapd/etelpmoc.sh ixr,               # marshaller (see complete.sh for out-of-snap unmarshal)
  /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion r, # user-provided completions (run in-snap) may use functions from here

# uptime
  @{PROC}/uptime r,
  @{PROC}/loadavg r,

# Allow reading /etc/os-release. On Ubuntu 16.04+ it is a symlink to /usr/lib
  # which is allowed by the base abstraction, but on 14.04 it is an actual file
  # so need to add it here. Also allow read locks on the file.
  /etc/os-release rk,
  /usr/lib/os-release k,

# Debian version of the host OS which might be required in AppArmor-secured Debian
  /etc/debian_version r,

# systemd native journal API (see sd_journal_print(4)). This should be in
  # AppArmor's base abstraction, but until it is, include here. We include
  # the base journal path as well as the journal namespace pattern path. Each
  # journal namespace for quota groups will be prefixed with 'snap-'.
  /run/systemd/journal{,.snap-*}/socket w,
  /run/systemd/journal{,.snap-*}/stdout rw, # 'r' shouldn't be needed, but journald
                                            # doesn't leak anything so allow
  /run/systemd/journal{,.snap-*}/dev-log w,

# snapctl and its requirements
  /usr/bin/snapctl ixr,
  /usr/lib/snapd/snapctl ixr,
  @{PROC}/sys/net/core/somaxconn r,
  /run/snapd-snap.socket rw,

# Note: for now, don't explicitly deny this noisy denial so --devmode isn't
  # broken but eventually we may conditionally deny this since it is an
  # information leak.
  #deny /{,var/}run/utmp r,

# Allow reading the maximum number of open file descriptors.
  @{PROC}/sys/fs/nr_open r,

# java
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/ r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/fd/ r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/auxv r,
  @{PROC}/sys/vm/zone_reclaim_mode r,
  /etc/lsb-release r,
  /sys/devices/**/read_ahead_kb r,
  /sys/devices/system/cpu/** r,
  /sys/devices/system/node/node[0-9]*/* r,
  /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled r,
  /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag r,
  # NOTE: this leaks running process but java seems to want it (even though it
  # seems to operate ok without it) and SDL apps crash without it. Allow owner
  # match until AppArmor kernel var is available to solve this properly (see
  # LP: #1546825 for details). comm is a subset of cmdline, so allow it too.
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/cmdline r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/comm r,

# Per man(5) proc, the kernel enforces that a thread may only modify its comm
  # value or those in its thread group.
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/task/@{tid}/comm rw,

# Allow reading and writing to our file descriptors in /proc which, for
  # example, allow access to /dev/std{in,out,err} which are all symlinks to
  # /proc/self/fd/{0,1,2} respectively. To support the open(..., O_TMPFILE)
  # linkat() temporary file technique, allow all fds. Importantly, access to
  # another task's fd via this proc interface is mediated via 'ptrace (read)'
  # (readonly) and 'ptrace (trace)' (read/write) which is denied by default, so
  # this rule by itself doesn't allow opening another snap's fds via proc.
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/{,task/@{tid}}fd/[0-9]* rw,

# Miscellaneous accesses
  /dev/{,u}random w,
  /etc/machine-id r,
  /etc/mime.types r,
  /etc/default/keyboard r,
  @{PROC}/ r,
  @{PROC}/version r,
  @{PROC}/version_signature r,
  /etc/{,writable/}hostname r,
  /etc/{,writable/}localtime r,
  /etc/{,writable/}mailname r,
  /etc/{,writable/}timezone r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/cgroup rk,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/cpuset r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/io r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/fdinfo/* r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/limits r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/loginuid r,
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/sessionid r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/smaps r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/stat r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/statm r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/status r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/task/ r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/task/[0-9]*/smaps r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/task/[0-9]*/stat r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/task/[0-9]*/statm r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/task/[0-9]*/status r,
  @{PROC}/sys/fs/pipe-max-size r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/hostname r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/osrelease r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/ostype r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/pid_max r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/shmmax r,
  # Allow apps to introspect the level of dbus mediation AppArmor implements.
  /sys/kernel/security/apparmor/features/dbus/mask r,
  @{PROC}/sys/fs/file-max r,
  @{PROC}/sys/fs/file-nr r,
  @{PROC}/sys/fs/inotify/max_* r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/pid_max r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/random/boot_id r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/random/uuid r,
  @{PROC}/sys/kernel/cap_last_cap r,
  # Allow access to the uuidd daemon (this daemon is a thin wrapper around
  # time and getrandom()/{,u}random and, when available, runs under an
  # unprivilged, dedicated user).
  /run/uuidd/request rw,
  /sys/devices/virtual/tty/{console,tty*}/active r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/{,user.slice/}memory.limit_in_bytes r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/{,**/}snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}{,.*}/memory.limit_in_bytes r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/{,**/}snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}{,.*}/memory.stat r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}{,.*}/memory.max r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/{,user.slice/}cpu.cfs_{period,quota}_us r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/{,**/}snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}{,.*}/cpu.cfs_{period,quota}_us r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/{,user.slice/}cpu.shares r,
  /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/{,**/}snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}{,.*}/cpu.shares r,
  /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hpage_pmd_size r,
  /sys/module/apparmor/parameters/enabled r,
  /{,usr/}lib/ r,

# Reads of oom_adj and oom_score_adj are safe
  owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/oom_{,score_}adj r,

# Note: for now, don't explicitly deny write access so --devmode isn't broken
  # but eventually we may conditionally deny this since it allows the process
  # to increase the oom heuristic of other processes (make them more likely to
  # be killed). Once AppArmor kernel var is available to solve this properly,
  # this can safely be allowed since non-root processes won't be able to
  # decrease the value and root processes will only be able to with
  # 'capability sys_resource,' which we deny be default.
  # deny owner @{PROC}/@{pid}/oom_{,score_}adj w,

# Eases hardware assignment (doesn't give anything away)
  /etc/udev/udev.conf r,
  /sys/       r,
  /sys/bus/   r,
  /sys/class/ r,

# this leaks interface names and stats, but not in a way that is traceable
  # to the user/device
  @{PROC}/net/dev r,
  @{PROC}/@{pid}/net/dev r,

# Read-only of this snap
  /var/lib/snapd/snaps/@{SNAP_NAME}_*.snap r,

# Read-only of snapd restart state for snapctl specifically
  /var/lib/snapd/maintenance.json r,

# Read-only for the install directory
  # bind mount used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
  @{INSTALL_DIR}/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/                   r,
  @{INSTALL_DIR}/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/@{SNAP_REVISION}}/    r,
  @{INSTALL_DIR}/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/@{SNAP_REVISION}}/**  mrklix,

# Read-only install directory for other revisions to help with bugs like
  # LP: #1616650 and LP: #1655992
  @{INSTALL_DIR}/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/**  mrkix,

# Read-only home area for other versions
  # bind mount *not* used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
  owner @{HOME}/snap/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/                  r,
  owner @{HOME}/snap/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/**                mrkix,

# Experimental snap folder changes
  owner @{HOME}/.snap/data/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/                    r,
  owner @{HOME}/.snap/data/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/**                  mrkix,
  owner @{HOME}/.snap/data/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/@{SNAP_REVISION}/** wl,
  owner @{HOME}/.snap/data/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/common/**           wl,

owner @{HOME}/Snap/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/                          r,
  owner @{HOME}/Snap/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/**                        mrkixwl,

# Writable home area for this version.
  # bind mount *not* used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
  owner @{HOME}/snap/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/@{SNAP_REVISION}/** wl,
  owner @{HOME}/snap/@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/common/** wl,

# Read-only system area for other versions
  # bind mount used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
  /var/snap/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/   r,
  /var/snap/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/** mrkix,

# Writable system area only for this version
  # bind mount used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
  /var/snap/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/@{SNAP_REVISION}/** wl,
  /var/snap/{@{SNAP_NAME},@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}}/common/** wl,

# The snap-confine program creates an app-specific private restricted /tmp
  # and will fail to launch the app if something goes wrong. As such, we can
  # simply allow full access to /tmp.
  /tmp/   r,
  /tmp/** mrwlkix,

# App-specific access to files and directories in /dev/shm. We allow file
  # access in /dev/shm for shm_open() and files in subdirectories for open()
  # bind mount *not* used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
  /{dev,run}/shm/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.** mrwlkix,
  # Also allow app-specific access for sem_open()
  /{dev,run}/shm/sem.snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.* mrwlk,

# Snap-specific XDG_RUNTIME_DIR that is based on the UID of the user
  # bind mount *not* used here (see 'parallel installs', above)
  owner /run/user/[0-9]*/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/   rw,
  owner /run/user/[0-9]*/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/** mrwklix,

# Allow apps from the same package to communicate with each other via an
  # abstract or anonymous socket
  unix (bind, listen) addr="@snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.**",
  unix peer=(label=snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.*),

# Allow apps from the same package to communicate with each other via DBus.
  # Note: this does not grant access to the DBus sockets of well known buses
  # (will still need to use an appropriate interface for that).
  dbus (receive, send) peer=(label=snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.*),
  # In addition to the above, dbus-run-session attempts reading these files
  # from the snap base runtime.
  /usr/share/dbus-1/services/{,*} r,
  /usr/share/dbus-1/system-services/{,*} r,
  # Allow apps to perform DBus introspection on org.freedesktop.DBus for both
  # the system and session buses.
  # Note: this does not grant access to the DBus sockets of these buses, but
  # we grant it here since it is missing from the dbus abstractions
  # (LP: #1866168)
  dbus (send)
      bus={session,system}
      path=/org/freedesktop/DBus
      interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable
      member=Introspect
      peer=(label=unconfined),

# Allow apps from the same package to signal each other via signals
  signal peer=snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.*,

# Allow receiving signals from all snaps (and focus on mediating sending of
  # signals)
  signal (receive) peer=snap.*,

# Allow receiving signals from unconfined (eg, systemd)
  signal (receive) peer=unconfined,

# for 'udevadm trigger --verbose --dry-run --tag-match=snappy-assign'
  /{,usr/}{,s}bin/udevadm ixr,
  /etc/udev/udev.conf r,
  /{,var/}run/udev/tags/snappy-assign/ r,
  @{PROC}/cmdline r,
  /sys/devices/**/uevent r,

# LP: #1447237: adding '--property-match=SNAPPY_APP=<pkgname>' to the above
  # requires:
  #   /run/udev/data/* r,
  # but that reveals too much about the system and cannot be granted to apps
  # by default at this time.

# For convenience, allow apps to see what is in /dev even though cgroups
  # will block most access
  /dev/ r,
  /dev/**/ r,

# Allow setting up pseudoterminal via /dev/pts system. This is safe because
  # the launcher uses a per-app devpts newinstance.
  /dev/ptmx rw,

# Do the same with /sys/devices and /sys/class to help people using hw-assign
  /sys/devices/ r,
  /sys/devices/**/ r,
  /sys/class/ r,
  /sys/class/**/ r,

# Allow all snaps to chroot
  capability sys_chroot,

# Lttng tracing is very noisy and should not be allowed by confined apps. Can
  # safely deny for the normal case (LP: #1260491). If/when an lttng-trace
  # interface is needed, we can rework this.
  deny /{dev,run,var/run}/shm/lttng-ust-* rw,

# Allow read-access on /home/ for navigating to other parts of the
  # filesystem. While this allows enumerating users, this is already allowed
  # via /etc/passwd and getent.
  @{HOMEDIRS}/ r,

# Allow read-access to / for navigating to other parts of the filesystem.
  / r,

# Snap-specific run directory. Bind mount *not* used here
  # (see 'parallel installs', above)
  /run/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/ rw,
  /run/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/** mrwklix,

# Snap-specific lock directory and prerequisite navigation permissions.
  /run/lock/ r,
  /run/lock/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/ rw,
  /run/lock/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}/** mrwklix,

# Allow listing and reading systemd-provided credentials.
  /run/credentials/ r,
  /run/credentials/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.*.service/ r,
  /run/credentials/snap.@{SNAP_INSTANCE_NAME}.*.service/** r,

# Work around for https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/-/issues/571
  # which prevents access to mmap MAP_HUGETLB.
  allow file / rwm,

# Allow snaps to inherit sockets from other snaps. This prevents snaps
  # invoked by classic snaps with output redirected to a socket pair from losing
  # their stdio files.
  unix (send, receive) addr=none peer=(addr=none, label="snap.*"),

# Default rules for core base runtimes

# The base abstraction doesn't yet have this
  /{,usr/}lib/terminfo/** rk,
  /usr/share/terminfo/** k,
  /usr/share/zoneinfo/** k,

# for python apps/services
  /usr/bin/python{,2,2.[0-9]*,3,3.[0-9]*} ixr,
  # additional accesses needed for newer pythons in later bases
  /usr/lib{,32,64}/python3.[0-9]*/**.{pyc,so}           mr,
  /usr/lib{,32,64}/python3.[0-9]*/**.{egg,py,pth}       r,
  /usr/lib{,32,64}/python3.[0-9]*/{site,dist}-packages/ r,
  /usr/lib{,32,64}/python3.[0-9]*/lib-dynload/*.so      mr,
  /usr/include/python3.[0-9]*/pyconfig.h               r,

# for perl apps/services
  /usr/bin/perl{,5*} ixr,
  # AppArmor <2.12 doesn't have rules for perl-base, so add them here
  /usr/lib/@{multiarch}/perl{,5,-base}/**            r,
  /usr/lib/@{multiarch}/perl{,5,-base}/[0-9]*/**.so* mr,

# for bash 'binaries' (do *not* use abstractions/bash)
  # user-specific bash files
  /{,usr/}bin/bash ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/dash ixr,
  /usr/share/terminfo/** r,

# Common utilities for shell scripts
  # Support coreutils paths (LP: #2123870)
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}arch ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/{,g,m}awk ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}base32 ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}base64 ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}basename ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/bunzip2 ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/busctl ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/bzcat ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/bzdiff ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/bzgrep ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/bzip2 ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}cat ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}chgrp ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}chmod ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}chown ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/clear ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/cmp ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}cp ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/cpio ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}cut ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}date ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/dbus-daemon ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/dbus-run-session ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/dbus-send ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}dd ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/diff{,3} ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}dir ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}dirname ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}du ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}echo ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/{,e,f,r}grep ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}env ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}expr ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}false ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/find ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/flock ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}fmt ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}fold ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/free ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/getconf ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/getent ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/getopt ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}groups ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/gzip ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}head ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/hostname ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}id ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/igawk ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/infocmp ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}install ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/kill ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/ldd ixr,
  /{usr/,}lib{,32,64}/ld{,32,64}-*.so ix,
  /{usr/,}lib/@{multiarch}/ld{,32,64}-*.so* ix,
  /{,usr/}bin/less{,file,pipe} ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/line ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}link ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}ln ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/locale ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/logger ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}ls ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}md5sum ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}mkdir ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}mkfifo ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}mknod ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}mktemp ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/more ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}mv ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}nice ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}nohup ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}numfmt ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}od ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/openssl ixr, # may cause harmless capability block_suspend denial
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}paste ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/pgrep ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}printenv ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}printf ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/ps ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}pwd ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}readlink ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}realpath ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/rev ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}rm ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}rmdir ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/run-parts ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/sed ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}seq ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/setpriv ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}sha{1,224,256,384,512}sum ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}shuf ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}sleep ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}sort ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}stat ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}stdbuf ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}stty ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}sync ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/systemd-cat ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/systemd-creds ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}tac ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}tail ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/tar ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}tee ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}test ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/tempfile ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/tset ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}touch ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/tput ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}tr ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}true ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}tty ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}uname ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}uniq ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}unlink ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/unxz ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/unzip ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/uptime ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}vdir ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/vim.tiny ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}wc ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/which{,.debianutils} ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/xargs ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/xz ixr,
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}yes ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/zcat ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/z{,e,f}grep ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/zip ixr,
  /{,usr/}bin/zipgrep ixr,

# lsb-release
  /usr/bin/lsb_release ixr,
  /usr/bin/ r,
  /usr/share/distro-info/*.csv r,

# For printing the cache (we don't allow updating the cache)
  /{,usr/}sbin/ldconfig{,.real} ixr,

# Allow all snaps to chroot
  # chroot can be on either coreutil paths or sbin depending on the Ubuntu release
  @{SNAP_COREUTIL_DIRS}chroot ixr,
  /{,usr/}sbin/chroot ixr,

# Allow pidof (and killall5, as pidof can be a symlink to killall5 in some distros)
  /{,usr/}bin/pidof ixr,
  /{,usr/}sbin/killall5 ixr,

# Description: Can access the network as a client.
#include <abstractions/nameservice>
/run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf rk,
/etc/mdns.allow r,     # not yet included in the mdns abstraction
network netlink dgram, # not yet included in the nameservice abstraction

# systemd-resolved (not yet included in nameservice abstraction)
#
# Allow access to the safe members of the systemd-resolved D-Bus API:
#
#   https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/resolved/
#
# This API may be used directly over the D-Bus system bus or it may be used
# indirectly via the nss-resolve plugin:
#
#   https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/nss-resolve.html
#
#include <abstractions/dbus-strict>
dbus send
     bus=system
     path="/org/freedesktop/resolve1"
     interface="org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager"
     member="Resolve{Address,Hostname,Record,Service}"
     peer=(name="org.freedesktop.resolve1"),

# libnss-systemd (D-Bus portion from nameservice abstraction)
# Also allow lookups for systemd-exec's DynamicUsers via D-Bus
#   https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html
dbus send
     bus=system
     path="/org/freedesktop/systemd1"
     interface="org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager"
     member="{GetDynamicUsers,LookupDynamicUserByName,LookupDynamicUserByUID}"
     peer=(name="org.freedesktop.systemd1"),

#include <abstractions/ssl_certs>

@{PROC}/sys/net/core/somaxconn r,
@{PROC}/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fastopen r,

# Allow using netcat as client
/{,usr/}bin/nc{,.openbsd} ixr,

# Description: Can change to any apparmor profile (including unconfined) thus
# giving access to all resources of the system so LXD may manage what to give
# to its containers. This gives device ownership to connected snaps.
@{PROC}/**/attr/{,apparmor/}current r,
/{,usr/}{,s}bin/aa-exec ux,

# Allow discovering the os-release of the host
/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/{etc,usr/lib}/os-release r,

# Description: Can query system status information. This is restricted because
# it gives privileged read access to all processes on the system and should
# only be used with trusted apps.

# Needed by 'ps'
@{PROC}/tty/drivers r,

# This ptrace is an information leak. Intentionlly omit 'ptrace (trace)' here
# since since ps doesn't actually need to trace other processes. Note this
# allows a number of accesses (assuming the associated /proc file is allowed),
# such as various memory address locations and esp/eip via /proc/*/stat,
# /proc/*/mem, /proc/*/personality, /proc/*/stack, /proc/*/syscall,
# /proc/*/timerslack_ns and /proc/*/wchan (see man proc).
#
# Some files like /proc/kallsyms (but anything using %pK format specifier) need
# 'capability syslog' when /proc/sys/kernel/kptr_restrict=1, but we
# intentionally do not allow since it could be used to defeat KASLR.
ptrace (read),

# Other miscellaneous accesses for observing the system
@{PROC}/cgroups r,
@{PROC}/buddyinfo r,
@{PROC}/locks r,
@{PROC}/modules r,
@{PROC}/mdstat r,
@{PROC}/schedstat r,
@{PROC}/slabinfo r,
@{PROC}/softirqs r,
@{PROC}/stat r,
@{PROC}/vmstat r,
@{PROC}/zoneinfo r,
@{PROC}/diskstats r,
@{PROC}/kallsyms r,
@{PROC}/partitions r,
@{PROC}/pressure/cpu r,
@{PROC}/pressure/io r,
@{PROC}/pressure/memory r,
@{PROC}/sys/kernel/panic r,
@{PROC}/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops r,
@{PROC}/sys/kernel/random/poolsize r,
@{PROC}/sys/kernel/random/urandom_min_reseed_secs r,
@{PROC}/sys/kernel/random/write_wakeup_threshold r,
@{PROC}/sys/kernel/sched_autogroup_enabled r,
@{PROC}/sys/kernel/threads-max r,
@{PROC}/sys/vm/max_map_count r,
@{PROC}/sys/vm/panic_on_oom r,
@{PROC}/sys/vm/swappiness r,

# These are not process-specific (/proc/*/... and /proc/*/task/*/...)
@{PROC}/*/{,task/,task/*/} r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}autogroup r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}auxv r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}cgroup r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}cmdline r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}comm r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}exe r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}fdinfo/* r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}io r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}oom_score r,
# allow reading of smaps_rollup, which is a summary of the memory use of a process,
# but not smaps which contains a detailed mappings breakdown like
# /proc/self/maps, which we do not allow access to for other processes
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}smaps_rollup r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}schedstat r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}stat r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}statm r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}status r,
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}wchan r,

# Allow listing of existing file descriptors, which is needed for tools like nvtop
# and resources that monitor per-process GPU usage.
@{PROC}/*/fdinfo/ r,

# Allow reading processes security label
@{PROC}/*/{,task/*/}attr/{,apparmor/}current r,

# Allow discovering the os-release of the host
/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/etc/os-release rk,
/var/lib/snapd/hostfs/usr/lib/os-release rk,

# Allow discovering the Kernel build config
@{PROC}/config.gz r,
/boot/config* r,

# Allow discovering system-wide CFS Bandwidth Control information
# https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/scheduler/sched-bwc.html
/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/cpu.cfs_period_us r,
/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/cpu.cfs_quota_us r,
/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/cpu.shares r,
/sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct/cpu.stat r,
/sys/fs/cgroup/memory/memory.stat r,

# Allow reading the system max CPU resource constraints
/sys/fs/cgroup/system.slice/cpu.max r,

# Allow reading ext4 and btrfs filesystems information
/sys/fs/{btrfs,ext4}/{,**} r,

# Allow reading zfs filesystem information
@{PROC}/spl/kstat/zfs/{,**} r,

#include <abstractions/dbus-strict>

# do not use peer=(label=unconfined) here since this is DBus activated
dbus (send)
    bus=system
    path=/org/freedesktop/hostname1
    interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties
    member=Get{,All},

# Allow clients to introspect hostname1
# do not use peer=(label=unconfined) here since this is DBus activated
dbus (send)
    bus=system
    path=/org/freedesktop/hostname1
    interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Introspectable
    member=Introspect,

# Allow clients to enumerate DBus connection names on common buses
dbus (send)
    bus={session,system}
    path={/,/org/freedesktop/DBus}
    interface=org.freedesktop.DBus
    member={ListNames,ListActivatableNames}
    peer=(label=unconfined),

# Allow clients to obtain the DBus machine ID on common buses. We do not
# mediate the path since any peer can be used.
dbus (send)
    bus={session,system}
    interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer
    member=GetMachineId
    peer=(label=unconfined),

# Allow clients to get properties of systemd (the manager) and
# units
dbus (send)
    bus=system
    interface=org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties
    path=/org/freedesktop/systemd1{,/**}
    member=Get{,All}
    peer=(label=unconfined),

# Allow clients to explicitly list units with some of their details (path,
# status) and get unit path, see
# https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/dbus/ for details
dbus (send)
    bus=system
    path=/org/freedesktop/systemd1
    interface=org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager
    member={GetUnit,ListUnits}
    peer=(label=unconfined),

# Allow reading if protected hardlinks are enabled, but don't allow enabling or
# disabling them
@{PROC}/sys/fs/protected_hardlinks r,
@{PROC}/sys/fs/protected_symlinks r,
@{PROC}/sys/fs/protected_fifos r,
@{PROC}/sys/fs/protected_regular r,

# allow use of user namespaces
userns,

deny @{PROC}/self/mountinfo r,
deny @{PROC}/@{pid}/mountinfo r,

# While commands like 'ps', 'ip netns identify <pid>', 'ip netns pids foo', etc
# trigger a 'ptrace (trace)' denial, they aren't actually tracing other
# processes. Unfortunately, the kernel overloads trace such that the LSMs are
# unable to distinguish between tracing other processes and other accesses.
# ptrace (trace) can be used to break out of the seccomp sandbox unless the
# kernel has 93e35efb8de45393cf61ed07f7b407629bf698ea (in 4.8+). Until snapd
# has full ptrace support conditional on kernel support, explicitly deny to
# silence noisy denials/avoid confusion and accidentally giving away this
# dangerous access frivolously.
deny ptrace (trace),
deny capability sys_ptrace,

}

cmd: